Publications
Developing and disseminating high quality research evidence for efficacy, efficiency and safety is critically important to us. We have a dedicated team of expert clinicians and researchers who work with our healthcare partner sites and academic collaborators to evaluate the effect of Dora on all our stakeholders.

ASTRID - An Automated and Scalable TRIaD for the Evaluation of RAG-based Clinical Question Answering Systems
Yajie Vera He, Mohita Chowdhury, Jared Joselowitz, Aisling Higham, Ernest Lim; Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (2025)
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Artificial Intelligence Led Telephone Triage of Patients With Suspected Head and Neck Cancer, a Feasibility Study
Katrina Mason, Karen Young, Kanishka Rao, Mairead Kelly, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington, Sarah Little, Enyi Ofo; Clinical Otolaryngology (2024)
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Educating Dora: Teaching a conversational agent to talk
Adam Brandt, Spencer Hazel, Rory McKinnon, Kleopatra Sideridou, Joe Tindale, Nikoletta Ventoura; Discourse & Communication (2024)
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Who Communicates Better? A Study on Clinician and AI-Generated Responses to Frequently Asked Patient Questions
Yajie He, Ernest Lim, Mohita Chowdhury, Madison Putman, Sanjana Jaiswal, Saif Aldeen Alryalat, Nikoletta Ventoura, James Godwin, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington, Andrew Lee; AI in Health Conference - Hosted by the Ken Kennedy Institute, Rice, Texas (2024)
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Accuracy and safety of an autonomous artificial intelligence clinical assistant conducting telemedicine follow-up assessment for cataract surgery
Edward Meinert, Madison Milne-Ives, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Selina Boege, Nick de Pennington, Mamta Bajre, Guy Mole, Eduardo Normando, Kanmin Xue; The Lancet: EClinicalMedicine (2024)
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Exploring clinician and manager attitudes towards the integration of automation and artificial intelligence for service improvement
Sarah Khavandi, Amir Mashia Jaafari, Ernest Lim, Louisa Stacey, Wayne McFarlane, Fatema Zaghoul, Aisling Higham; BMJ Leader (2024)
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Feasibility of an artificial intelligence phone call for postoperative care following cataract surgery in a diverse population: two phase prospective study protocol
Amin Hatamnejad, Aisling Higham, Sohel Somani, Eric S Tam, Ernest Lim, Sarah Khavandi, Nick de Pennington, Hannah H Chiu; BMJ Open Ophthalmology (2024)
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From Writing Dialogue to Designing Conversation: Considering the potential of Conversation Analysis for Voice User Interfaces
Adam Brandt, Spencer Hazel, Rory Mckinnon, Kleopatra Sideridou, Joe Tindale, Nikoletta Ventoura, Aisling Higham; CUI '23: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (2023)
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Ethics in conversation: Building an ethics assurance case for autonomous AI-enabled voice agents in healthcare
Marten H. L. Kaas, Zoe Porter, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Sarah Khavandi, Ibrahim Habli; Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems (TAS '23) (2023)
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Investigating the Impact of Automation on the Health Care Workforce Through Autonomous Telemedicine in the Cataract Pathway: Protocol for a Multicenter Study
Sarah Khavandi, Fatema Zaghloul, Aisling Higham, Ernest Lim, Nick de Pennington, Leo Anthony Celi; JMIR Research Protocols (2023)
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Automated clinical conversations across the cataract pathway with an artificial intelligence (AI) conversation agent: a UK regional service evaluation protocol
Aisling Higham, Automated cataract surgery telephone consult evaluation collaboration; medRxiv: The preprint server for health sciences (2023)
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Can large language models safely address patient questions following cataract surgery?
Ernest Junwei Lim, Mohita Chowdhury, Aisling Higham, Rory McKinnon, Nikoletta Ventoura, Yajie Vera He, Nick de Pennington; Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (2023)
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A Simple Phoneme-based Error Simulator for ASR Error Correction
Mohita Chowdhury, Oliver Gardiner, Yishu Miao; NeurIPS, Women in Machine Learning (2022)
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User-acceptability of an automated telephone call for post-operative follow-up after uncomplicated cataract surgery
Sarah Khavandi, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington, Mandeep Bindra, Sarah Maling, Mike Adams, Guy Mole; Eye (2022)
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Can deep learning models understand natural language descriptions of patient symptoms following cataract surgery?
Oliver Gardiner, Mohita Chowdhury, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington; Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (ARVO abstract) 63(7):1694 - F0012 (2022)
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The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review
Madison Milne-Ives, Caroline de Cock, Ernest Lim, Melissa Harper Shehadeh, Nick de Pennington, Guy Mole, Eduardo Normando, Edward Meinert; Journal of Medical Internet Research (2020)
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Patient acceptability of telephone follow up after cataract surgery
Sarah Khavandi, Ernest Lim, Guy Mole; BMJ Leader (2020)
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