Publications
Working with leading healthcare and academic partners, we publish peer-reviewed evidence on the safety, efficacy and impact of Dora in real-world clinical care.
CataractEyeLarge-scale, real-world collection of refractive outcomes after cataract surgery through patient-mediated mobile photographyAisling Higham, Ernest Lim, Rebecca Turner, Christopher King, Evgenia Anikina, Aris Konstantopoulos, Sarju Athwal, Louisa Stacey, Louis Williams, Joe Tindale, James Godwin, Nick de Pennington, Manju Chandran; Eye (2026)
CataractClinical OphthalmologyEvaluation of Routine Clinical Deployment of an Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Assistant for Cataract Follow-Up in the National Health ServiceAisling Higham, Anna Maria Sideri, Filip Tarcoveanu, Ernest Lim, Lisette Bijma, Syeda Imtiyaz, Louisa Stacey, Sarah Khavandi, Nick de Pennington, James Thomas, Michael Adams, Sarah Maling, Kikkeri Arun, Rebecca Turner, Christopher King, Kanmin Xue; Clinical Ophthalmology (2026)
Conversation DesignHeaLingEmpathy as interactional accomplishment in clinical interactions with a conversational agentSpencer Hazel, Adam Brandt, Yajie Vera He, Ernest Lim, Jared Joselowitz, Zachary Ellis; HeaLing (2026)
AI SafetyIWSDSWER is Unaware: Assessing How ASR Errors Distort Clinical Understanding in Patient Facing DialogueZachary Ellis, Jared Joselowitz, Yash Deo, Yajie Vera He, Anna Kalygina, Aisling Higham, Mana Rahimzadeh, Yan Jia, Ibrahim Habli, Ernest Lim; IWSDS (2026)
CataractAJO InternationalFeasibility and Safety of an AI-Driven Postoperative Telephone System for Cataract Surgery Follow-up in CanadaAmin Hatamnejad, Aisling Higham, Sohel Somani, Eric S. Tam, Ernest Lim, Nick de Pennington, Hannah H. Chiu; AJO International (2026)
Workforce ImpactNature MedicineBuilding a code of conduct for AI-driven clinical consultationsErnest Lim, Arun Thirunavukarasu, Yajie Vera He, Helen Monkhouse, Dun Jack Fu, Nick de Pennington, Aisling Higham, Yih Chung Tham, Yan Jia, Ibrahim Habli; Nature Medicine (2026)
AI SafetyarXivMATRIX: Multi-Agent simulaTion fRamework for safe Interactions and conteXtual clinical conversational evaluationErnest Lim, Yajie Vera He, Jared Joselowitz, Kate Preston, Mohita Chowdhury, Louis Williams, Aisling Higham, Katrina Mason, Mariane Melo, Tom Lawton, Yan Jia, Ibrahim Habli; arXiv (2025)
AI SafetyACL FindingsASTRID - An Automated and Scalable TRIaD for the Evaluation of RAG-based Clinical Question Answering SystemsYajie Vera He, Mohita Chowdhury, Jared Joselowitz, Aisling Higham, Ernest Lim; ACL Findings (2025)
ENTClinical OtolaryngologyArtificial Intelligence Led Telephone Triage of Patients With Suspected Head and Neck Cancer, a Feasibility StudyKatrina Mason, Karen Young, Kanishka Rao, Mairead Kelly, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington, Sarah Little, Enyi Ofo; Clinical Otolaryngology (2024)
Conversation DesignDiscourse & CommunicationEducating Dora: Teaching a conversational agent to talkAdam Brandt, Spencer Hazel, Rory McKinnon, Kleopatra Sideridou, Joe Tindale, Nikoletta Ventoura; Discourse & Communication (2024)
AI SafetyAI in Health Conference, Ken Kennedy InstituteWho Communicates Better? A Study on Clinician and AI-Generated Responses to Frequently Asked Patient QuestionsYajie He, Ernest Lim, Mohita Chowdhury, Madison Putman, Sanjana Jaiswal, Saif Aldeen Alryalat, Nikoletta Ventoura, James Godwin, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington, Andrew Lee; AI in Health Conference, Ken Kennedy Institute (2024)
AI SafetyThe Lancet: EClinicalMedicineAccuracy and safety of an autonomous artificial intelligence clinical assistant conducting telemedicine follow-up assessment for cataract surgeryEdward Meinert, Madison Milne-Ives, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Selina Boege, Nick de Pennington, Mamta Bajre, Guy Mole, Eduardo Normando, Kanmin Xue; The Lancet: EClinicalMedicine (2024)
Workforce ImpactBMJ LeaderExploring clinician and manager attitudes towards the integration of automation and artificial intelligence for service improvementSarah Khavandi, Amir Mashia Jaafari, Ernest Lim, Louisa Stacey, Wayne McFarlane, Fatema Zaghoul, Aisling Higham; BMJ Leader (2024)
CataractBMJ Open OphthalmologyFeasibility of an artificial intelligence phone call for postoperative care following cataract surgery in a diverse population: two phase prospective study protocolAmin Hatamnejad, Aisling Higham, Sohel Somani, Eric S Tam, Ernest Lim, Sarah Khavandi, Nick de Pennington, Hannah H Chiu; BMJ Open Ophthalmology (2024)
Conversation DesignConversational User Interfaces (CUI)From Writing Dialogue to Designing Conversation: Considering the potential of Conversation Analysis for Voice User InterfacesAdam Brandt, Spencer Hazel, Rory Mckinnon, Kleopatra Sideridou, Joe Tindale, Nikoletta Ventoura, Aisling Higham; Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) (2023)
Workforce ImpactTrustworthy Autonomous Systems (TAS)Ethics in conversation: Building an ethics assurance case for autonomous AI-enabled voice agents in healthcareMarten H. L. Kaas, Zoe Porter, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Sarah Khavandi, Ibrahim Habli; Trustworthy Autonomous Systems (TAS) (2023)
Workforce ImpactJournal of Medical Internet ResearchInvestigating the Impact of Automation on the Health Care Workforce Through Autonomous Telemedicine in the Cataract Pathway: Protocol for a Multicenter StudySarah Khavandi, Fatema Zaghloul, Aisling Higham, Ernest Lim, Nick de Pennington, Leo Anthony Celi; Journal of Medical Internet Research (2023)
CataractmedRxivAutomated clinical conversations across the cataract pathway with an artificial intelligence (AI) conversation agent: a UK regional service evaluation protocolAisling Higham, Automated cataract surgery telephone consult evaluation collaboration; medRxiv (2023)
AI SafetyInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual ScienceCan large language models safely address patient questions following cataract surgery?Ernest Junwei Lim, Mohita Chowdhury, Aisling Higham, Rory McKinnon, Nikoletta Ventoura, Yajie Vera He, Nick de Pennington; Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (2023)
Conversation DesignNeural Information Processing SystemsA Simple Phoneme-based Error Simulator for ASR Error CorrectionMohita Chowdhury, Oliver Gardiner, Yishu Miao; Neural Information Processing Systems (2022)- Conversation DesignEyeUser-acceptability of an automated telephone call for post-operative follow-up after uncomplicated cataract surgerySarah Khavandi, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington, Mandeep Bindra, Sarah Maling, Mike Adams, Guy Mole; Eye (2022)
- AI SafetyInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual ScienceCan deep learning models understand natural language descriptions of patient symptoms following cataract surgery?Oliver Gardiner, Mohita Chowdhury, Ernest Lim, Aisling Higham, Nick de Pennington; Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (2022)
- Conversation DesignJournal of Medical Internet ResearchThe Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic ReviewMadison Milne-Ives, Caroline de Cock, Ernest Lim, Melissa Harper Shehadeh, Nick de Pennington, Guy Mole, Eduardo Normando, Edward Meinert; Journal of Medical Internet Research (2020)
- CataractBMJ LeaderPatient acceptability of telephone follow up after cataract surgerySarah Khavandi, Ernest Lim, Guy Mole; BMJ Leader (2020)